Quality Metric

Water Activity (aW)

A measure of how available water is for microbial growth and chemical reactions. Predicts shelf stability better than moisture content alone. The spec most buyers skip but shouldn't.

Definition

What water activity measures

Water activity (aW) is the ratio of vapor pressure in coffee to vapor pressure of pure water. It ranges from 0.00 (bone dry) to 1.00 (pure water). It tells you how "available" water is--not just how much is present.

Water bound to sugars and proteins behaves differently than free water. Two coffees can have the same moisture percentage but different water activity--and behave very differently in storage.

Key numbers

Scale 0.00 - 1.00
Safe threshold <0.60
Optimal range 0.50 - 0.60
Naturals target 0.50 - 0.55
Risk zone >0.65

Why Roasters Care

What water activity tells you

Shelf life prediction

Below 0.60 aW, most microorganisms can't grow. This is a well-established threshold in food science. Coffee stored below this line is stable.

Roast consistency

Water activity affects how beans absorb heat. Consistent aW means more predictable roast development batch to batch.

Quality indicator

High aW can indicate rushed drying, poor storage, or processing problems. It's a red flag worth investigating before buying.

Our Approach

How we use water activity

Check at origin

We measure aW before committing to purchase. High readings mean something went wrong in processing.

Re-measure on arrival

aW can change during ocean transit if moisture barrier fails. We verify before offering to customers.

Provide on spec sheets

Every lot we sell includes water activity data. You shouldn't have to ask for this basic spec.

Lower targets for naturals

Natural process coffees are more sensitive. We target 0.50-0.55 for naturals to preserve fruit character.

Deep Dive

Water Activity in Green Coffee

Why water activity matters more than moisture for shelf life, and ideal ranges by process.

Want the full spec sheet?

We provide water activity, moisture, density, and cupping scores on every lot.